7  sudo

sudo Super User DO is a prefix of commands that only superuser or root users are allowed to run. It is similar to run as administrator option in Windows. It is used to install, update and remove software. We will use it in the next section to install & update packages.

Command	Description
dpkg --list	List installed packages
sudo apt-get update	Update packages
sudo apt-get install	Install packages
sudo apt-get remove	Remove packages (retain configuration, plugins and settings)
sudo apt-get purge	Remove packages including personalized settings
sudo apt-get autoremove	Remove any dependencies no longer in use

7.1 Exercises

1. Safe listing (no sudo needed): run dpkg --list | head -n 10 and apt list --installed 2>/dev/null | head -n 10. Describe in one sentence what kind of information each shows — both list installed software without changing the system.
2. Without running them, write the commands sudo apt-get update, sudo apt-get install <pkg>, sudo apt-get remove <pkg>, sudo apt-get purge <pkg>, and sudo apt-get autoremove. State which of remove/purge keeps configuration files and which deletes them.
3. Explain in 2–3 sentences why apt-get install/remove/purge require the sudo prefix while dpkg --list and apt list --installed do not (superuser privileges modify system software; read-only queries are safe for any user).

Worked solutions in solutions/sudo.md (attempt first).